Cohen is power. Inferential statistics primarily invoke the following four key concepts: sample size, significance criterion, effect size, and statistical power. Cohen elegantly developed the maths, benchmarks, and key semantics associated with statistical power.
Statistical power is the long-term probability of rejecting the null hypothesis (typically assumed to be no difference between treatments) as defined by Cohen 1992. In a brief exploration of power for pilot experiments with limited numbers of available subjects, here are several current resources to facilitate the exploration of appropriate sample sizes.
Resources
Binary outcome trials calculator
Fischer Exact test calculatorÂ
Power & sample size calculator
Description of statistical power
A slide deck on design decisions/solutions for little data/pilot trials